Common causes of head-on collisions involve one driver crossing the center line and driving the wrong way into oncoming traffic can be caused by a number of factors.

• Distracted driving is a significant contributor to head-on collisions. According to the United States Department of Transportation, distracted driving claimed 3,522 lives in 2021 alone. Distracted driving can result from using a cell phone, texting, adjusting the radio, eating, or engaging in any activity that diverts a driver’s attention from the road.
• Impaired Driving: Driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs significantly impairs a driver’s judgment, reaction time, and ability to maintain control of their vehicle, increasing the risk of head-on collisions. Recently, Kentucky has increased its stance against drunk driving by enacting Melanie’s Law, which enables a judge to order financial support for the children of a DUI victim in cases where the DUI led to the disability or death of a parent or guardian. Tennessee also introduced Ethan’s, Hailey’s, and Bentley’s Law in 2023, which does the same.
• Fatigue: Fatigued or drowsy drivers may drift into oncoming traffic lanes, particularly on highways or long, monotonous roads. Falling asleep at the wheel can commonly cause a driver to veer into the other lane.
• Speeding: Excessive speed reduces the time a driver has to react to unexpected situations, such as another vehicle suddenly entering their lane, and increases the severity of head-on collisions.
• Reckless Overtaking: Drivers attempting to overtake or pass slower vehicles on two-lane roads may misjudge the distance or speed of oncoming traffic, leading to head-on collisions during the passing maneuver.
• Driving on the Wrong Side of the Road: In some cases, drivers accidentally enter the wrong lane due to confusion, distraction, or impairment.
• Poor Weather Conditions: Adverse weather conditions like heavy rain, fog, ice, or snow can reduce visibility and road traction, making it more challenging to maintain control and stay in the correct lane.